Raw Materials → Milling → Sieving → Blending/Granulation → Drying → Final Blending (Lubrication) → Tablet Compression → Coating → Packaging
Stage 1: Raw Material Handling & Pre-Processing
Milling/Grinding: Reduces particle size using a Universal Powder grinder for uniform distribution and better compaction.
Sieving/Sifting: Removes agglomerates and foreign materials using Vibratory Sieves or Gyratory Sifters.
Stage 2: Blending & Granulation (Size Enlargement)
Path A: Direct Compression: Simple Bin Blender (e.g., V-Blender, Cone Blender) mixes raw materials. Only suitable for powders with excellent flow and compaction properties.
Path B: Wet Granulation (Most Common for actives <10-20%):
High-Shear Granulator: Mixes powders and adds a liquid binder to form dense granules.
Fluid Bed Dryer (FBD) or Tray Dryer: Removes the moisture from the wet granules.
Milling (Dry Milling): A Oscillating Granulator breaks the dried granules into uniform, smaller granules.
Path C: Dry Granulation (Roller Compaction): Used for moisture-sensitive or heat-sensitive materials.
Roller Compactor: Compresses powder into a ribbon or flakes.
Granulator: Breaks the flakes into granules.
Stage 3: Final Blending & Compression
Final Blending: A Bin Blender adds the final lubricant to the granules to prevent sticking to the punches and dies.
Tablet Compression: A Rotary Tablet Press receives the blend via a Feeding Hopper and Force Feeder. It compresses it into tablets using tooling (punches and dies). In-process controls monitor weight, hardness, thickness, and disintegration.
Stage 4: Coating (If Required)
Coating Pan: Traditional perforated pan for sugar coating (now rare).
Fluid Bed Coater (with Wurster Column): For precise particle coating.
Perforated Pan Coating System: Uses perforated drums and sophisticated air handling to apply a thin, uniform film coat. Coating solutions/suspensions are sprayed via spray guns.
Purposes: Mask taste/odor, improve swallowability, control drug release (enteric, sustained), add color, provide moisture barrier.
Stage 5: Packaging
Bottle Packaging Line: For bulk bottles.
Bottle Unscrambler → Counters/Fillers → Cottoner/Desiccant Inserter → Capper → Induction Sealer → Labeler.
Blister Packaging Line:
Blister Forming Machine